"The Order of the speech" is the text with which Michel Foucault held the inaugural lecture at the Collège de France, (December 2, 1970) in which he faced the favorite themes of "exclusion procedures "affecting the speech. In the texts of "History of Madness in the Classical" (1961) and "Birth of the Clinic" (1963), Foucault through extensive archival research reconstructs the system of madness by opening a new conception of the relationship between "reason-unreason" and is the gradual marginalization of mental illness and the final subjugation of the "mad" men of reason.
"In a society like ours, you know, of course, the procedures of exclusion". Of the three great systems of exclusion that affect the speech, that is, the forbidden word, the partition of madness, and the will to truth, I will do what the madness: the so-called "partage"-partition between reason and madness.
The term derives from the Latin follis madness, expression of an onomatopoeic word that literally means "bellows", "leather bag" or "balloon" and indicates, by metaphor, an empty-headed person. The term insanity is defined in the first place is the plight of people with severe mental illness, or a momentary lapse of reason. By extension, the term refers to all forms of stupidity, lack of wisdom and inability to judge well. The madness is attributed also to any behavior that results from a strong disturbance produced by the senses, as is the case of an exasperated, vibrant passion of love, or an unbridled desire (to love to distraction).
Fool is the one living on the edge, do not fit in the group and in the category in which social habits and the force of common sense classify everyone's life, his painful and heartbreaking reality, even forced to suppress his feelings of love.
Even in the song "I'll give her a rose," the singer Simon Webbe and analyzes the theme of Fools writes:
will give you a rose A
red rose to paint everything
A rose for every tear from your console
and a rose to be able to love
... ... My name is Antonio and I'm mad I was born in '54
and I live here since I was a child I thought of talking with the devil
So I have closed forty 'years in a mental hospital
I am writing this letter because I can not speak
... ... I'm like a piano with a broken key
The agreement dissonant orchestra of drunks
And day and night are alike
In the dim light that pierces the opaque glass
me because I'm afraid I'm still under
For healthy society we have always been rubbish
stinks of piss and sawdust
This mental illness and has no cure ....
. ... The question marks are crazy sentence without
Thousands of spaceships that do not return to base
are puppets hung out to dry in the sun
I crazy are apostles of a God who does not want them I
manufactures polystyrene
snow with my condition is that they are left alone
Now take a telescope measured ... And look
distance between me and you ... who is more dangerous?
... not like the medical records
crammed in the last Of all my memories to fade ...
****************
analyzing words, we understand how the singer should describe the role that the fool in our society and how it looks in the eyes of others, and wants to show us how once again that only fools have understood the true meaning of the masculine noun "love".
For centuries the word of the insane or was not accepted or understood and was regarded as a source of truth, sometimes ignored and dropped into silence, and for this he can tell us something profound truth about man, can show himself as a "prodigious reserve area. "
Foucault through his research has sought to understand how the mad were approved, rejected and excluded from society because the madness in society was and is still a form of separation between individuals arising from a basic cultural attitude ; worked in liberating the insane from an identification given by common sense and medicine and the institutions involved at a later time to justify and explain the effects of this opposition. Foucault examined and analyzed the methods and institutions that classify as crazy as this, investigating the specific institutions mandated to contain the madness that represent the emergence of a new form of the edge of unreason ( Deraison ) or mental hospitals. Today this "word" puts us in ambush, and the role of the doctor give ear to the word of maintaining a neutral break.
The crowds since the different periods has had various assignments, the ancient Greeks considered two meanings of the concept neutral: in the first sense was a form of insanity due to human weakness, while the second was considered of divine origin and was in a frenzy of enthusiasm or inspiration, often in classical Greek literature, the crowd was determined by the divinity, or ecstatic possession punishment for crimes or sins, his figure in the Middle Ages was seen in the many stunts and carnival folk electing a witness to a truth hidden and unacceptable, and the crowd was interpreted as the result of possession of a magical origin, astrology, love, or demonic. Humanism was looking at the crowd through an eccentric look and detector to turn to in search of a sense of things. The study of human mental illness reached its zenith in the twentieth century psychiatry and the insanity of the last century, attributed to a machine more efficient, not more integrated in its environment, no longer able to create social and economic values.
Today, the situation of institutions where people live has changed Codest and Garfunkel the singer describes his experience through the centers visited and contrasted the current situation in the former asylum centers, saying that these structures in the lives of patients:
"They are especially important because they are accepted, they have a chance to socialize and to undertake the normal range. In the cases I've seen, for example, people have their own room where they can put their personal belongings: it will seem trivial, but this is a way to recover their dignity and identity, when compared to the depersonalization of which they were victims in the old asylums. So how can you give them, through therapeutic activities and rehabilitation, to find means to communicate their experience and mend a broken relationship with the world. Visiting different centers, I realized how art can be useful. Paint or sculpt it enables them to form a pure, natural, in a mood they are experiencing at that moment. " Is there a different aspect of art that Cristicchi wanted to highlight: the contiguity between the artistic sensibility and that of someone who is mentally disturbed, which emerges from the meeting had kerosene with Alda Merino, one of the greatest Italian poets contemporary, recently deceased, who spent long periods of his life in an asylum.
"I had read his works and I had a reverence for him. It 's a person who has a great charisma and at the same time, it has a great culture. When he speaks of giving you big emotions. Of course you realize that listening has a sensitivity that we "normal" will never know! And above all, listening to understand that is not crazy. " Finally the other side of the psychiatric centers, experience of those who work there in there, "people to be able to emotionally cope with such complex situations have been put on a kind of armor. But despite this, all share a tremendous passion for what they do. "
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